Aging is not one process — it's mitochondrial decline, collagen loss, slower repair, and a falling growth hormone axis. Each has a peptide the literature keeps returning to. Here they are, with citations.
NAD+ 1000mg
Mitochondrial energy & cellular repair
NAD+ levels fall steeply with age, and every DNA-repair and sirtuin pathway depends on it. Restoring NAD+ in aged animal models improves mitochondrial function, endurance and insulin sensitivity — the single most cited target in the healthy-aging literature.
Key literature
- • Mills K.F. et al., Cell Metabolism, 2016 — long-term NMN mitigates age-associated physiological decline.
- • Yoshino J. et al., "NAD+ intermediates: the biology and therapeutic potential of NMN and NR," Cell Metab, 2018.
- • Katsyuba E. et al., "NAD+ homeostasis in health and disease," Nat Metab, 2020.
Epitalon
Telomere & circadian research
A synthetic tetrapeptide from Russian gerontology research. Studies report telomerase activation in human somatic cell culture and normalization of melatonin rhythm in older subjects — sleep quality being one of the most consistent reported outcomes.
Key literature
- • Khavinson V.K. et al., "Peptide promotes overcoming of the division limit in human somatic cell," Bull Exp Biol Med, 2004.
- • Korkushko O.V. et al., "Geroprotective effect of Epithalamine," Bull Exp Biol Med, 2006.
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Mitochondrial membrane protection
SS-31 binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane and has moved through human clinical trials for primary mitochondrial myopathy. Aged-muscle studies report restored mitochondrial energetics and improved fatigue resistance.
Key literature
- • Siegel M.P. et al., "Mitochondrial-targeted peptide rapidly improves mitochondrial energetics and skeletal muscle performance in aged mice," Aging Cell, 2013.
- • Karaa A. et al., "Randomized dose-escalation trial of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy," Neurology, 2018.
Tesamorelin 10mg
Growth hormone axis & visceral fat
An FDA-approved GHRH analog with strong human trial data on reducing visceral adipose tissue — the fat depot most associated with age-related metabolic risk — while preserving lean mass. Secondary analyses also examined cognition in older adults.
Key literature
- • Falutz J. et al., "Metabolic effects of tesamorelin in patients with HIV and abdominal fat accumulation," NEJM, 2007.
- • Baker L.D. et al., "Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults," Arch Neurol, 2012.
BPC-157 & TB-500
Joints, tendons, gut lining
The two most cited repair peptides. Animal models report accelerated tendon and ligament healing and protection of the GI lining — highly relevant given how common NSAID use and slow soft-tissue recovery become with age.
Key literature
- • Chang C.H. et al., J Appl Physiol, 2011 — BPC-157 and tendon healing.
- • Philp D. & Kleinman H.K., Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2010 — thymosin β4 tissue repair.
GHK-Cu / GLOW blend
Skin thickness, collagen, wound repair
GHK-Cu plasma levels drop roughly 60% between age 20 and 60. Research reports increased collagen and elastin synthesis, improved skin firmness, and faster wound remodeling in aged tissue.
Key literature
- • Pickart L. & Margolina A., Int J Mol Sci, 2018 — regenerative and protective actions of GHK-Cu.
- • Pickart L. et al., "GHK peptide as a natural modulator of multiple cellular pathways in skin regeneration," Biomed Res Int, 2015.
Verified purity matters most when the goal is long-term
99%+ purity. Third-party USA lab tested. COA published for every batch.
For laboratory and in-vitro research use only. Not medical advice.