Cofactor guide

Vitamins to take while running a peptide protocol

Peptides are signals. Vitamins and minerals are supply. A GLP-1 protocol cuts food volume, a healing protocol raises tissue turnover, and a growth hormone protocol raises protein synthesis — each one increases demand for nutrients the body cannot manufacture. This is the full cofactor map, what each one does, how much, and when.

12
Cofactors covered
6
Protocol-matched stacks
99%+
Verified peptide purity

The cofactors that matter

Each card: why it matters on a peptide protocol, what it does, a research-supported range, and which protocols it pairs with.

Vitamin D3

Foundation

D3 acts more like a hormone than a vitamin — it regulates the receptors involved in muscle protein synthesis, immune signaling and insulin sensitivity. Low D3 blunts almost every recomposition or recovery protocol before it starts.

  • Supports lean mass retention during a calorie deficit
  • Immune and inflammatory balance
  • Improves insulin sensitivity alongside GLP-1 protocols
  • Mood and sleep quality
Typical
2,000–5,000 IU daily with a fat-containing meal
Food
Salmon, sardines, egg yolk, sunlight
Pairs with
GLP-1, growth hormone and longevity protocols

Vitamin K2 (MK-7)

Pairs with D3

D3 raises calcium absorption; K2 decides where that calcium goes. Taken together, calcium is directed into bone rather than soft tissue and arteries.

  • Directs calcium to bone, not arteries
  • Bone density support during rapid fat loss
  • Vascular elasticity
Typical
100–200 mcg daily, taken with D3
Food
Natto, hard cheeses, egg yolk
Pairs with
Anything containing vitamin D3

Magnesium (glycinate / malate)

Most commonly low

Magnesium is a cofactor in more than 300 enzymatic reactions including ATP production and protein synthesis. Appetite-suppressing protocols cut food volume, and magnesium is usually the first mineral to fall.

  • Muscle cramp and twitch prevention on GLP-1 protocols
  • Deeper sleep — where growth hormone pulses happen
  • Blood glucose regulation
  • Nervous-system calm and recovery
Typical
300–400 mg elemental, evening
Food
Pumpkin seeds, spinach, dark chocolate, almonds
Pairs with
Retatrutide, Tirzepatide, Tesamorelin, Ipamorelin

Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin)

Energy & nerves

B12 drives red blood cell formation and methylation. Reduced food intake, metformin use and lower stomach acid all reduce absorption — which is exactly why Lipo-C blends include it.

  • Energy output and reduced fatigue
  • Nerve health and cognition
  • Supports red blood cell formation
  • Methylation and homocysteine control
Typical
1,000 mcg daily or 2,500 mcg weekly (sublingual)
Food
Beef, liver, eggs, dairy, fortified foods
Pairs with
Lipo-C, GLP-1 protocols, cognitive stacks

Zinc

Repair

Zinc is required for collagen cross-linking, wound closure and testosterone production. Tissue-repair peptides increase the demand for the raw materials repair actually consumes.

  • Faster wound and tendon repair
  • Immune function
  • Supports natural testosterone
  • Skin clarity and healing
Typical
15–30 mg daily with food (balance with 1–2 mg copper)
Food
Oysters, beef, pumpkin seeds, lentils
Pairs with
BPC-157, TB-500, KLOW blend

Vitamin C

Collagen

Collagen literally cannot be synthesized without vitamin C — it is the cofactor for the hydroxylase enzymes that stabilize the collagen triple helix. Running GHK-Cu or a GLOW blend without adequate C limits the ceiling of the result.

  • Required cofactor for collagen synthesis
  • Antioxidant protection of new tissue
  • Improves non-heme iron absorption
  • Skin brightness and firmness
Typical
500–1,000 mg daily, split doses
Food
Citrus, bell peppers, kiwi, broccoli
Pairs with
GLOW blend, GHK-Cu, BPC-157, TB-500

Omega-3 (EPA / DHA)

Inflammation

EPA and DHA shift the eicosanoid balance toward resolution rather than ongoing inflammation, and DHA is a structural component of neuronal membranes.

  • Lowers systemic inflammation so repair peptides work in a cleaner environment
  • Joint comfort
  • Triglyceride and cardiovascular support
  • Cognitive and mood support
Typical
2–3 g combined EPA + DHA daily
Food
Salmon, mackerel, sardines, algae oil
Pairs with
Healing, longevity and cognitive protocols

B-Complex

Metabolic engine

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6 and folate are the coenzymes of energy metabolism. Fat-loss protocols raise substrate turnover; the B vitamins are what convert that substrate into usable ATP.

  • Converts food into usable energy
  • Supports the NAD+ pathway via B3
  • Reduces the fatigue common in a deficit
  • Neurotransmitter production
Typical
One quality B-complex with breakfast
Food
Whole grains, eggs, leafy greens, legumes
Pairs with
NAD+, Lipo-C, GLP-1 protocols

Electrolytes (sodium, potassium)

Hydration

Reduced food and fluid intake drops sodium and potassium fast. Most of the headaches, lightheadedness and 'flat' feeling reported early on a GLP-1 protocol are electrolyte, not peptide, effects.

  • Prevents headaches and dizziness
  • Maintains training performance
  • Reduces muscle cramping
  • Supports blood pressure stability
Typical
2–4 g sodium and 3–4 g potassium daily from food plus an electrolyte mix
Food
Sea salt, avocado, potatoes, coconut water
Pairs with
Retatrutide, Tirzepatide, Semaglutide protocols

Creatine monohydrate

Lean mass

Not a vitamin, but the most evidence-backed supplement for preserving lean mass and strength — the single biggest risk during aggressive fat loss.

  • Protects lean mass in a deficit
  • Strength and power output
  • Cognitive support under fatigue
  • Cell hydration
Typical
5 g daily, timing irrelevant
Food
Red meat, herring (small amounts)
Pairs with
GLP-1 protocols, growth hormone peptides

Choline / Inositol

Liver & focus

Choline is required for fat transport out of the liver — the reason it is the 'C' in Lipo-C — and it is the precursor to acetylcholine.

  • Supports hepatic fat metabolism
  • Memory and focus
  • Works with B12 in methylation
Typical
500 mg choline; inositol 1–2 g
Food
Egg yolk, liver, soybeans
Pairs with
Lipo-C, Semax, Selank

Selenium & Iodine

Thyroid

Fat loss lowers thyroid output. Selenium is required to convert T4 into active T3, and iodine is the raw material of thyroid hormone itself.

  • Supports T4 to T3 conversion
  • Protects metabolic rate during a deficit
  • Antioxidant enzyme function
Typical
Selenium 100–200 mcg; iodine 150 mcg
Food
Brazil nuts, seaweed, cod, eggs
Pairs with
Long GLP-1 and fat-loss protocols

Stacks matched to your protocol

Find the goal you are running and take the column next to it.

GLP-1 / fat loss

Retatrutide, Tirzepatide, AOD-9604

  • Electrolytes
  • Magnesium glycinate
  • B12 + B-complex
  • Vitamin D3 + K2
  • Creatine
  • Protein 1g/lb lean mass

Appetite suppression is the mechanism — and also the risk. These fill the gaps left by lower food volume.

Healing & recovery

BPC-157, TB-500, KLOW

  • Vitamin C 1,000mg
  • Zinc 25mg
  • Omega-3 2–3g
  • Collagen or glycine
  • Vitamin D3

Repair peptides signal for tissue rebuilding; these supply the substrate the rebuild consumes.

Growth hormone & lean mass

Tesamorelin, Ipamorelin, CJC-1295

  • Magnesium (evening)
  • Zinc
  • Vitamin D3
  • Creatine
  • Protein pre-sleep

GH pulses are strongest in deep sleep — magnesium and zinc are the two minerals most tied to sleep depth.

Skin, hair & glow

GLOW blend, GHK-Cu

  • Vitamin C
  • Zinc + copper
  • Biotin
  • Omega-3
  • Silica or collagen

Copper peptides work with copper status — do not run high-dose zinc without balancing copper.

Cognition & focus

Semax, Selank

  • Omega-3 DHA
  • B12 methylcobalamin
  • Magnesium L-threonate
  • Choline

DHA and choline are structural; the B vitamins run the neurotransmitter machinery.

Longevity & energy

NAD+, Epitalon, SS-31

  • B3 / niacinamide
  • CoQ10
  • Vitamin D3 + K2
  • Omega-3
  • Magnesium

NAD+ protocols draw on the same methyl and B-vitamin pool — keep it topped up.

When to take what

TimingTake
Morning, with foodB-complex, B12, vitamin C, iodine/seleniumB vitamins can be stimulating; vitamin C is water-soluble and best split.
With your largest fat-containing mealVitamin D3, K2, omega-3Fat-soluble vitamins need dietary fat for absorption.
Any timeCreatine, electrolytes, proteinTiming has no measurable effect; consistency does.
Evening, away from calciumMagnesium, zincBoth support sleep depth; calcium and iron compete with zinc for absorption.

Frequently asked questions

Supply the signal with verified material

99%+ HPLC-verified purity, third-party USA lab tested, COA published for every batch.

Educational information for laboratory and research context only. Not medical advice, and not a substitute for bloodwork or a qualified clinician. Ranges reflect commonly cited research intakes, not personal prescriptions.